La protection des investisseurs étrangers contre les mesures d'effet équivalant à une expropriation
Cours - 30 pages - Droit international
Il est possible d'identifier dans d'anciens différends internationaux soumis tant à la Cour Permanente de Justice Internationale (CPJI) qu'à des tribunaux arbitraux ad hoc, les mesures équivalentes à des expropriations. Ainsi, dans la sentence arbitrale ad hoc du 3 septembre 1930, rendue dans...
The relationship between investment law and the human right: present provisions and proposals for the future
Dissertation - 9 pages - Droit international
Since 1945, the investment law became more and more important with the development of the transnational corporations and the direct investments abroad within the framework of the globalization of flows of capital. The relationship with the countries of the South sets a major problem in this...
Choice of law by the arbitrator
Étude de cas - 3 pages - Droit autres branches
One of the main problems faced by the arbitrator when it comes to choice of law is the question of mandatory rules of law. A mandatory rule, as defined by Professor Mayer, refers to “an imperative provision of law which must be applied to an international relationship irrespective of the law...
L'égalité de traitement entre les hommes et les femmes dans l'Union européenne
Mémoire - 55 pages - Droit européen
Le 10 décembre 1948, a été proclamée la Déclaration universelle des droits de l'homme. Elle a été adoptée par l'Assemblée Générale de l'ONU en sa résolution 217 (A) III, signée à Paris. Elle fut instaurée après la fin de la Seconde guerre mondiale avec pour objectif de garantir les droits de...
The consecration of the patient's autonomy
Dissertation - 16 pages - Droit autres branches
Pain, suffering and death are to some extent, inevitable in human life, though Health care must always seek to eliminate unnecessary suffering and untimely death. But it is easy to recognise that prolonging the process of dying us often undesirable. The difficulty encountered by medical teams is...
The distribution of power an its future evolution in the European decision making institutions
Dissertation - 12 pages - Droit européen
How is the power shared in the main European decision making institutions and how will it change with the near enlargement and the ratification of new institutional treaties? This paper analyzes the distribution of power in the European Commission, the Council of Ministers and the European...
Human Rights and Universality
Dissertation - 13 pages - Droit international
We'll see that a mediate position can be found between what Donnelly has identified as radical cultural relativism (a) and radical universalism (b). Thus, it seems that a cross-cultural consensus can be found on the universality of some basic rights contained in the UDHR, whereas some other...
European Court of Justice, September 17, 2007 - Abuse of dominant positions
Commentaire d'arrêt - 6 pages - Droit de la concurrence
On September 17, 2007, the European Court of Justice issued a ruling concerning the litigation between Microsoft and The European Commission for anticompetitive behavior. It all started on December 10, 1998, when Sun Microsystems lodged a complaint with The European Commission arguing that...
The U.S. and Bilateral Investment Treaties
Dissertation - 2 pages - Droit des affaires
The number of Bilateral Investment Treaties or BITs has grown dramatically during the last few decades. They are presented as an important tool of FDI and a key factor contributing to foster economic growth and development. As underlined in the paper, BITs have become the major tool for the...
Women's difference in Law : essay on gender discrimination and Legal Equality
Dissertation - 5 pages - Droit autres branches
In this document I will try to define the so-called differences between men and women, and see how they have been used to justify the discrimination against women. Secondly, I will analyze cases where gender differences are denied or not considered as strong enough to legitimate discrimination...
Abraham Lincoln et la Constitution américaine
Dissertation - 4 pages - Droit constitutionnel
Abraham Lincoln, fervent défenseur des droits de l'Homme. Abraham Lincoln et l'abolition de l'esclavage. Les titres encenseurs concernant le seizième président des États-Unis d'Amériques se multiplient. Cependant, dès qu'on se penche sur le personnage d'Abraham Lincoln, on constate que cette...
Contract Law : A review
Fiche - 8 pages - Droit civil
What is a Contract? A contract is a legally enforceable agreement between two or more parties with mutual obligations. It's essentially a case law subject, i.e.,interpretations are made by judges while deciding on the legal issues....
How the "author's rights" are treated domestically under the law of France and how "copyright" is treated domestically under the law of United State of America?
Étude de cas - 15 pages - Droit international
The intellectual property refers both for brands analysis, commercial secrets, from patents to copyrights. It was at the beginning used by jurists only, it has been the subject of increased attention by the economists since the 1980s, and gradually spread as the certainty that produce ideas had...
United Kingdom Immigration Laws, asylum laws and anti terrorism Laws
Dissertation - 5 pages - Droit international
In recent years, public attention has been focused on asylum seekers, but their numbers have fallen sharply. They are now less than 40,000 a year of whom only a quarter are given permission to stay in Britain, yet only one in five is actually removed. Meanwhile, other forms of immigration have...
L'Euthanasie et le droit : La conception du Royaume Uni et de la France
Dissertation - 13 pages - Droit civil
L'analyse de l'ensemble des rapports est claire : ils se prononcent contre une légitimation, à quel que titre que ce soit, de l'euthanasie, mais en faveur des soins palliatifs, suivis par les pouvoirs publics. En France encore aujourd'hui, aucune loi ne traite spécifiquement de l'euthanasie. Les...
Droit social européen : le principe de l'égalité entre les hommes et les femmes
Mémoire - 30 pages - Droit européen
Alors qu'elles représentent 52% de la population de l'Union les femmes souffrent toujours de discriminations. Un domaine dans lequel ce constat est particulièrement visible est celui de l'accès au travail. En effet ces dernières occupent en moyenne moins de responsabilités que les hommes (un...
Primacy / Supremacy of European Community Law against Sovereignty of the Member States
Mémoire - 25 pages - Droit européen
Today the European Union (EU) consists of 27 Member States; it reaches from the Atlantic coast of Western Europe all the way to the Black Sea of Eastern Europe. In the European Union, the most important and closest collaboration between the Member States happens via the European...
Explain and discuss the effectiveness of the EC Treaty provisions concerning state aids in preventing distortions to the operation of the single market
Dissertation - 12 pages - Droit européen
As recognised by the EC Treaty, state aids are important and necessary policy instruments to achieve social and economic goals. However, depending on the way in which they are given, State aids can have a material impact on competition, leading to significant distortions to the...
The British Constitution: debate about constitutional reform
Dissertation - 4 pages - Droit constitutionnel
Once widely admired, especially during the seventeenth century by French philosophers, the British constitution has now become a target for criticism. There have been strong debates regarding constitutional reforms that emerged after the democratic reforms of the nineteenth century to the...
Faut-il réformer le mode d'élection du président des États-Unis ?
Dissertation - 6 pages - Droit constitutionnel
En démocratie, il n'y a pas d'autre légitimité politique que celle de l'élection. C'est l'élection par la majorité qui confère le pouvoir de représenter la totalité. C'est ce qu'on appelle le fait majoritaire. Mais tout dépend comment on parvient à cette majorité. De...
Les effets des modes de scrutin - publié le 19/05/2021
Dissertation - 2 pages - Droit constitutionnel
En 2016 aux États-Unis, Hilary Clinton avait reçu un nombre de voix venant du peuple supérieur à celui de Donald Trump. Or, lors du scrutin, les Américains désignent les grands électeurs qui vont eux élire le président. De cette manière, Donald Trump ayant récolté le plus grand nombre de "swing...
The Supreme Court of the United States : a single institution in its kind
Dissertation - 6 pages - Droit autres branches
The Supreme Court of the United States (sometimes colloquially referred to by the acronym SCOTUS) is the highest judicial body in the United States and leads the judiciary. Established in 1789 by the Constitution of the United States, the Supreme Court is at the same time,...
Struggles for Recognition in the Democratic Constitutional State, Jurgen Habermas
Commentaire de texte - 3 pages - Libertés publiques
Jurgen Habermas, a German philosopher and sociologist born in 1929, has propounded theory inscribed in the tradition of the significant theory and American pragmatism. He has written several pieces about communication, social identity, Europe and multiculturalism in the post-national...
Free movement of people among administrations of the Member States
Dissertation - 3 pages - Droit européen
Free movement of people (workers) in the European Union (EU) Member States is one of the Four Freedoms and was developed from the concept of EU citizenship introduced by the Maastricht Treaty (1992). In fact, the European Coal and Steel Community (1951) established a right for free...
Williams Act and takeover defences in the United States
Étude de cas - 2 pages - Droit international
This statement will be discussed : “Without the process effects generated by the availability of takeover defense in the United States, the Williams Act would not be fit for purpose” The United States is among the countries the most favorable to the use of takeover...
Under what circumstances do you think states should intervene in humanitarian crises?
Dissertation - 6 pages - Droit international
Humanitarian intervention deals with two academic fields: political philosophy and international law. The question of intervention depends on the morality and on the legality of the intervention. Is humanitarian intervention a moral duty for different states? Is humanitarian intervention a...
Jury selection in the United States of America
Dissertation - 6 pages - Procédure pénale
In the United States, when a trial takes place, it begins with the jury selection, which is the process whereby, according to law and precedent, members of a particular trial jury are chosen. The right to have a jury dates from the Magna Carta and it is incorporated in the Sixth Amendment...
Should the state restrict the right of individual to hunt?
Dissertation - 2 pages - Libertés publiques
The claim is to prove that people who want to hunt need a restriction which should come from the state. Since the mists of time, human beings have been hunting. At the beginning, it was necessary to survive, to eat and to feed one's family. Nowadays, things have changed and to speak...
The United States and the International Criminal Court: How valid are the US arguments for not joining the International Court ?
Dissertation - 11 pages - Droit international
A new jurisdiction in the history of international accountability of human rights is being set up, but with a limited action which makes it different than a world court. In this document we will analyze the justifications for the lack of commitment by the United States of America towards...
Evaluate the developing case law of the Court of Justice with respect to its application of the principle of State liability to situations in which a Member state has failed to fulfil its obligations concerning the transposition of a Directive into nation
Dissertation - 6 pages - Droit européen
In the first part, I shall debate that the immediate consequence of the directives and article 228 were the first steps taken by the court with respect to the application of a state liability. In the second part, I shall explain the context and consequences of the application of the...
