L'Alien Tort Statute : un instrument controversé pour engager la responsabilité internationale devant les juridictions civiles américaines
Étude de cas - 11 pages - Droit international
L'Alien Tort Statute, également appelé Alien Tort Claim Act ou Alien Tort Act par la doctrine et la jurisprudence, fut adopté par le premier Congrès américain le 24 septembre 1789 en tant que partie intégrante du Federal Judiciary Act . Il est actuellement transposé à la...
Intellectual Property : Peterson J. once said that ?what's worth copying is worth protecting'. Do you agree? Give reasons for your answer
Dissertation - 11 pages - Droit des affaires
At the heart of the copyright legislation is the concept of copying. Copying upto a certain extent is forgiven on the basis of ?fair dealing'. However, the plaintiff has the problem of proving that copying has occurred. One may conclude that Peterson J. overstated the degree of protection...
The duties of the board of directors
Dissertation - 8 pages - Droit fiscal
The corporation according to how we understand it today, came into existence in the 19th century because entrepreneur needed a device to raise capital from a large number of investors. According to the legal dictionary: “the corporation is an organization formed with state governmental...
Standard Oil of New Jersey v. U.S., 221 U.S. 1 (1911)
Commentaire d'arrêt - 21 pages - Droit autres branches
La question posée à la Cour Suprême dans l'arrêt Standard Oil of New Jersey v. United States est une question d'interprétation législative. Plus particulièrement, il s'agissait pour la Cour d'interpréter les sections 1 et 2 du Sherman Antitrust Act, ou loi Sherman, sur...
Etude comparée de la lettre de change en France et en Irlande
Mémoire - 14 pages - Droit bancaire
« Le droit commercial est une branche du droit privé concernant les aspects légaux des activités des commerçants, ainsi que dans leur relation avec leurs clients... Cette définition du professeur ROBLOT , citée par M. FORDE dans l'introduction de son manuel, pourrait faire penser que le droit...
Ghaidan v Godin-Mendoza case analysis
Commentaire d'arrêt - 4 pages - Droit autres branches
In the United Kingdom, where there is no written Constitution, the section 3 of the Human Rights Act 1998 has given the courts the prerogative to read and give effect to statutes “in a way which is compatible with the Convention rights ”. If it cannot be done so, the section 4(2)...
Section 172 of the companies
Commentaire de texte - 6 pages - Droit des affaires
The board of directors have exclusive powers in conducting the business of a company. Such a centralised decision-making process allows directors to act efficiently and independently from the company's other stakeholders but as Sealy and Worthington write, the risk is that directors...
European union law
Dissertation - 4 pages - Droit autres branches
According to the European Court of Justice, the ability to review the legality of Community Acts is a part of "the complete system of legal remedies and procedures designed to permit the Court of Justice to review the legality of measures adopted by the institutions". Following article...
Copyright of employed persons' creations
Fiche - 11 pages - Droit autres branches
In Australia, the copyright law gives the creator or the author of a piece of writing the first ownership of copyright. In fact, section 35(2) of the Copyright Act 1968 provides that: "Subject to this section, the author of a literary, dramatic, musical or artistic work is the owner of any...
Trade Unions in the United-States
Dissertation - 2 pages - Droit du travail
The twentieth century witnessed major evolutions in the American workplace, from mass production, to automation, and all the way to the digital economy we know now. Workers' lives have evolved similarly, mostly gaining from the benefits during the century. American workers mostly have their...
European Law - Article 30 of the Treaty of the European Union
Commentaire de texte - 4 pages - Droit européen
Article 230 of the Treaty of European Community is the principal Treaty which can challenge community norms. Four conditions have to be satisfied in order to allow this mechanism. First of all, the act has to be quoted by the article, secondly the institution or person who challenges the...
Do you think Lister v Hesley Hall [2001] UKHL 22 was correctly decided by the House of Lords?
Commentaire d'arrêt - 4 pages - Droit pénal
On the 3rd May 2001, the House of Lords gave their judgment to Lister v Hesley Hall [2001] UKHL 22. By overruling a previous decision of the Court of Appeal; Trotman v North Yorkshire County Council [1999] LGR 584. The House of Lords widened the scope of vicarious liability to include acts...
The Law Reform Committee Essay: Murder (Rethinking the Mandatory Life Sentence)
Dissertation - 5 pages - Droit européen
Sir Edward Coke stated in the Third Part of his Institutes that "of all felonies, murder is the most heinous". As such, murder has always received the most severe punishment the law could give; a law of King Canute stated that Aberemord 'caedes manifestae' was punishable by death without...
Common land ownership in Scotland
Dissertation - 9 pages - Droit autres branches
This essay was largely inspired by the working papers of Andy Wightman, Robin Callander, Graham Boyd and James Perman. James Perman is a Chartered Accountant from Largs. Andy Wightman, Robin Callander and Graham Boyd are independent authors and researchers who work together on occasion through...
Conflict of Laws
Dissertation - 5 pages - Droit civil
The recognition of same-sex marriage is becoming an issue in many countries, and there are today 14 countries allowing same-sex marriage, including Netherlands, Spain, Portugal, Sweden, Norway, Belgium, Brazil, South Africa, Argentina, and 11 states of the United States. In Ireland however, as...
Privacy and surveillance society in the UK
Dissertation - 4 pages - Droit international
"We live in a surveillance society ". This is the opening sentence of the Report on the Surveillance Society for the Information Commissioner published in September 2006. It states that Everyday life in the U.K. is monitored through the use of credit card, mobile phone, travel cards, loyalty card...
Cour Suprême des Etats-Unis, 2 juillet 1985 - le cas Mitsubishi
Commentaire d'arrêt - 7 pages - Droit de la concurrence
Dans un premier temps, en 1982, Mitsubishi introduisit son action devant la District Court américaine du district de Porto Rico. Par cette action, Mitsubishi demandait à ce que Soler soit contraint à l'arbitrage, conformément au contrat de vente, en s'appuyant sur le Federal Arbitration...
"The concept of the Rule of Law as defined by Dicey still remains valid : it provides a measure against which we can judge the attitudes and actions of Parliament, Government and the courts"
Dissertation - 5 pages - Droit européen
The rule of law is often expounded as a pillar of the English Constitution. It was described by Lord Bingham as "the second great rock on which [Dicey?s] constitutional edifice was founded". It was referred to as a statute for the first time, in the Constitutional Reform Act 2005, as an...
Court's Appeal, Criminal Division, January 10, 2009 - Regina Sharp cons
Commentaire d'arrêt - 4 pages - Droit pénal
On 20 September 2009, in a private car park, Letty's guide dog Jerry bit Michael. Having watched the scene, Mrs. Brown pelted the dog with stones which in turn attacked her. Ben then chased the dog with the aim of attaching it by its lead but the dog ran into a private building and bit him...
Family Law: Comparison France Vs. China
Dissertation - 20 pages - Droit de la famille
During the last century, the Chinese government decided to abolish the old family system and establish a new family idea: the socialist family system (the Marriage Code of 1950). This marked a turning point in Chinese common law and the beginning of a new family way of thinking. With this new...
General principles of the Canadian constitutional law
Dissertation - 4 pages - Droit constitutionnel
As a former member of the British Empire, Canada has been widely influenced by certain aspects of the English law. The Canadian parliamentary system finds its origins in the British institutions that were settled after the conquest of 1760 and more particularly with the 1791 constitutional...
Theory of direct effect
Dissertation - 8 pages - Droit européen
Born into the International order, the European Community law can touch people only through the juridical order of its Member State. Therefore arises the question about the relationship between EC law and domestic law. The EC law concerns much more directly individuals than the international law....
La Chambre des Lords dans les institutions britanniques
Cours - 5 pages - Droit constitutionnel
Afin d‘administrer leur royaume et de rendre la justice, les rois d'Angleterre s'entourèrent d'un Grand Conseil, appelé Curia Regis et composé de nobles et d'évêques, qui prendra le nom de Chambre des Lords au XIVème siècle. Son autorité législative va aller en s'accroissant au cours des...
Authors' rights in the Anglo-Saxon world
Dissertation - 8 pages - Propriété intellectuelle
The authors' rights are a very important problem of the modern economic world. The rules that regulate the authors' rights have always been created in the reaction of some social facts; they always have been late on the sociological and technical transformations. The first fundamental...
Que penser de la loi américaine de juillet 2008 sur les interceptions de télécommunications ?
Dissertation - 7 pages - Libertés publiques
Au cours des trente dernières années, le flux mondial des télécommunications n'a cessé de s'accroître : des communications téléphoniques avec le développement de la technologie mobile aux messages électroniques via internet, les échanges d'informations n'ont jamais été plus nombreux. La...
Massachussets versus Environmental Protection Agency
Commentaire d'arrêt - 4 pages - Droit international
This decision dealt with environmental matters and was regarded as one of the most important environmental Supreme Court decisions in years. If one in the present age delves into this case, the insights would have a grave impact on the pollution control and globalization boom. The case begins...
Presidency of India
Étude de cas - 6 pages - Droit constitutionnel
The President of India is the head of State as the first citizen of India, and has therefore an important role to play in the political system. He has special duties and powers, which give him importance in the Indian political life. This function first appeared with the Indian Constitution that...
The installation of a phone mast near a school
Dissertation - 6 pages - Droit civil
Peter is single and is employed by the Lobby Group Ltd., a professional, "non-profit" company that acts as a general lobby group for industrialists. Last year he moved to live in a town close to his place of employment. He discovered that the local green field site, adjoining the village...
Protection of works as attached to the commercial circulation on material media.
Fiche - 1 pages - Propriété intellectuelle
The first copyright law in the United States was called the Copyright Act. In 1790, works were protected for a period of 14 years, and the protection was renewable once if the author is still alive at the end of that term. In fact, the Copyright Act is copied almost verbatim from...
UK Company Law: Minority Shareholders Protection
Étude de cas - 7 pages - Droit international
Northwest Transportation Company Ltd v Beatty (1887): the case involving ratifying breach of duty regarding self-dealing. The courts held that controlling shareholder-director can vote in favour of ratifying the breach. However, there are two restrictions: (i) directors cannot commit...
