International Criminal Tribunals for the Former Yugoslavia and for Rwanda
Dissertation - 3 pages - Droit international
After WWII, the world realized the madness of mankind: although the Jewish genocide wasn't the first one in history, it was the first one which the international community became really aware of. In order to punish the terrible war crimes, 2 international military tribunals were created: one...
Difficulties of application of international law - Example of the Cambodia genocide
Dissertation - 13 pages - Droit international
This paper will show to the reader the difficulties which can appear in practice concerning the international criminal law. Indeed, several problems can occur. First of all, one has to know what the aim of the international criminal law is and we have to define what is the international criminal...
Race and the U.S. constitution
Dissertation - 2 pages - Libertés publiques
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954) is often considered as one of the "most important Supreme Court cases in American history" because it outlawed de jure racial segregation in public education, thus overturning the "separate but equal" doctrine maintained since Plessy v Ferguson...
The judiciary in the US political system
Dissertation - 3 pages - Droit constitutionnel
The Constitution provides that federal judges, including judges of the Supreme Court of the United States, are appointed by the President "by and with the advice and consent of the Senate." In 1803, the power of Judicial Review in the U.S. Supreme Court was established with the case...
The Salomon case
Étude de cas - 3 pages - Droit des affaires
Since the Salomon case, the doctrine of separate corporate personalities constitutes the corner stone of British company law. Thus, a properly incorporated company is considered as having a legal personality of its own and ought to be treated as a legal entity distinct from its shareholders even...
Le sens du Travail d'Intérêt Général (TIG), une alternative à l'incarcération
Dissertation - 11 pages - Droit pénal
« La peine alternative de TIG a une double finalité : éviter les courtes peines d'emprisonnement et faciliter la réinsertion… calmer l'angoisse d'une société qui, hors de la prison, croit qu'il y a aucune sanction. » Déclaration de Badinter, garde des sceaux, en 1982, à l'Assemblée générale....
The legal professions in the English legal system: barristers, solicitors and magistrates
Cours - 7 pages - Droit autres branches
First, we must know there is a separation in the legal profession of lawyer, there are: - barristers: (avocat, conseiller juridique) who work exclusively in the bar (à la barre du tribunal) to defend their clients. - and solicitors (notaire, avoué) who work on the administrative aspects of the...
L'Alien Tort Statute : un instrument controversé pour engager la responsabilité internationale devant les juridictions civiles américaines
Étude de cas - 11 pages - Droit international
L'Alien Tort Statute, également appelé Alien Tort Claim Act ou Alien Tort Act par la doctrine et la jurisprudence, fut adopté par le premier Congrès américain le 24 septembre 1789 en tant que partie intégrante du Federal Judiciary Act . Il est actuellement transposé à la section 1350 de l'article...
European union law
Dissertation - 4 pages - Droit autres branches
According to the European Court of Justice, the ability to review the legality of Community Acts is a part of "the complete system of legal remedies and procedures designed to permit the Court of Justice to review the legality of measures adopted by the institutions". Following...
Application concrète du droit des étrangers au cas d'une ressortissante algérienne voulant s'établir en France en qualité de commerçante
Étude de cas - 16 pages - Droit international
Mme S est née le 16 novembre 1958 à Béjaïa en Algérie. Elle s'est mariée en 1979 avec un ressortissant algérien qui vit en Algérie. Elle a des attaches en Algérie : sa mère est vivante, son père est décédé en 1958. Elle a un frère et une sœur qui résident en Algérie. Les parents du mari sont...
Do you think Lister v Hesley Hall [2001] UKHL 22 was correctly decided by the House of Lords?
Commentaire d'arrêt - 4 pages - Droit pénal
On the 3rd May 2001, the House of Lords gave their judgment to Lister v Hesley Hall [2001] UKHL 22. By overruling a previous decision of the Court of Appeal; Trotman v North Yorkshire County Council [1999] LGR 584. The House of Lords widened the scope of vicarious liability to include acts...
Criminal law: recklessness and negligence
Dissertation - 4 pages - Droit pénal
Subject: “Risk takers” present problems for the courts. Critically discuss this statement with reference to the courts' management of defendants who claim “I did not think”, “I did foresee a risk and took it but I intended no harm”, “Awareness of...
Competition law
Dissertation - 12 pages - Droit autres branches
Competition law has different forms of laws according to the causes of concern it has in various countries. The first aspect of its function is to protect individuals, consumers, against the power of monopolies or different corporations, and against agreements on various levels of production and...
The amendment 8: is death penalty a cruel and unusual punishment?
Dissertation - 2 pages - Droit pénal
Amendment 8 of the United States Constitution is a part of the United States Bill of Rights, influenced by the English Bill of Rights of 1689. It was added to the constitution in 1791, and states that "Excessive bail shall not be required, not excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual...
Prescription de l'obligation de payer
Étude de cas - 7 pages - Droit des obligations
Le principe en droit français, si l'on se place avant la loi nouvelle de 2008 est la prescription de droit commun à savoir la prescription trentenaire. Toutefois, ce principe connaît des exceptions parmi lesquelles on peut classer la prescription décennale prévue par l'article L110-4 code de...
Family Law: Comparison France Vs. China
Dissertation - 20 pages - Droit de la famille
During the last century, the Chinese government decided to abolish the old family system and establish a new family idea: the socialist family system (the Marriage Code of 1950). This marked a turning point in Chinese common law and the beginning of a new family way of thinking. With this new...
The New Constitutionalism
Dissertation - 5 pages - Droit européen
This essay is divided in two parts. In the first section, we will describe the influence of the European court of Justice on the evolution as observed by Weiler. In the latter half of the essay, we will try to view this theory from a critical bent of mind and relate this concept as an...
Hustler Magazine v. Falwell
Commentaire d'arrêt - 2 pages - Droit civil
Several elements were involved in this case. To sum up, Hustler Magazine printed an issue showing a satirical caricature about 'the first time' of a public figure, Jerry Falwell, who is a preacher and a Baptist Minister, insinuating that it was with his own mother, in an outhouse and...
Droit du crédit (2010)
Cours - 78 pages - Droit bancaire
Constitue une opération de crédit tout acte par lequel une personne met où promet de mettre des fonds à disposition d'une autre personne. Ces opérations de crédit sont régies par le code monétaire et financier. À ces opérations de crédit, on assimile le crédit-bail et location assortie...
Optimisation de la rémunération du gérant majoritaire de SARL soumise à l'impôt sur les sociétés
Cours - 55 pages - Droit fiscal
Pour le dirigeant d'une entreprise individuelle ou d'une société de personnes, soumise à l'IR, la question de la rémunération ne se pose pas, puisque celle-ci correspond au bénéfice réalisé par l'entreprise ou à une quote-part de celui-ci. Contrairement à l'exploitant...
L'adage contra non valentem non currit praescriptio permet-il la pleine protection du créancier contre son débiteur ?
Dissertation - 4 pages - Droit civil
L'adage « contra non valentem non currit praescriptio » est apparu pour la première fois en droit canon. En effet, c'était un droit coutumier utilisé très largement par les Parlements. Malgré sa large utilisation, les rédacteurs du Code civil ont mis fin aux controverses en 1804 par...
Comment l'adage « Contra non valentem agere non currit praescriptio » a-t-il évolué dans le temps à l'issue de la réforme du 17 juin 2008 ainsi que l'articulation de sa mise en oeuvre ?
Dissertation - 3 pages - Droit des obligations
Cet adage ne tient pas sa source du droit romain. En effet, Jean Carbonnier, célèbre juriste, attribue l'origine de ce fameux adage à Bartole mais sous la formulation de « non valenti agere, contra non valentem agere non currit praescriptio ». Puis, cet adage s'est avéré ensuite très...
Arrêt de la CJCE du 11 décembre 2007
Commentaire d'arrêt - 6 pages - Droit européen
La Cour de Justice des communautés européennes (CJCE) devait se prononcer sur l'influence du droit économique sur le droit social européen, et notamment sur la portée de l'article 43 CE qui dispose principalement que: « les restrictions à la liberté d'établissement des ressortissants...
International commercial arbitration
Dissertation - 4 pages - Droit international
In the event of resolution of disputes related to international commercial agreements, the International commercial arbitration is one of several forms of dispute resolution. The use of arbitration has increased along with the growth of international trade and commerce and the accompanying...
Les plus-values professionnelles
Dissertation - 4 pages - Droit fiscal
Si l'entreprise individuelle a été créée, la plus-value se calculera sur la totalité de la valeur de cession de l'entreprise ou de l'élément d'actif. La plus-value se calcule sur la différence entre la valeur de cession et d'acquisition. Si le bien est détenu depuis moins de deux ans, la...
Finnish administrative law: the administrative procedure in Finland from a French perspective
Dissertation - 7 pages - Droit administratif
Finland has its own administrative judicial system. After the first decision by an administrative authority, the citizens can appeal to an administrative court system. It is composed of nine provincial administrative authorities, representing the first level of jurisdiction. Then, the top...
Criminal law : consent
Dissertation - 4 pages - Droit européen
In criminal law, there exists a defense of consent. Within this defense, there is a general rule that a person cannot consent to his being caused actual bodily harm. No one can ever lawfully consent to his own death-R v Young . This opens the debate on issues related to euthanasia, illustrated in...
Conflict of laws, Exequature
Commentaire d'arrêt - 21 pages - Droit civil
Article 2412 of the civil code Difference between “exequatur” and “enforcement” even if it's the same etymology. Exequatur: suspensive effect CJCE, Deutsche Genossenschaft vs Soc. Brasserie du Pêcheur, 2 July 1985. CJCE, Hoffmann c. Krieg, 4 February 1988. The exequatur...
Kompetenz-Kompetenz
Étude de cas - 2 pages - Droit autres branches
The kompetenz-kompetenz doctrine is generally understood as the arbitral tribunal's authority to rule on the scope, validity and existence of the arbitration agreement if any of these are challenged, and thereby to rule essentially also on its own jurisdiction. Although under this doctrine there...
To what extent judicial intuitionism affects the judge's legal reasoning in Common Law?
Dissertation - 6 pages - Droit international
The recent nomination of Judge Sonia Sotomayor by President Obama sparked once again the political debate on the objectivity of the appointed to the United States Supreme Court. Republicans, even though pretending to be unbiased, started to fear that this Obamanian judge would undermine...
