Why has the European Court of Justice been so central to the process of integration?
Dissertation - 9 pages - Droit européen
“Law is often still treated as if it were a separate field, clearly distinct from the economic or political spheres” . As the European Court of Justice (ECJ) has never been given a lot of media coverage, most of the time, its role in the integration process is either disregarded or...
European Labour law: Compare and contrast the role and concerns of International Law with those of European Law in the field of Employment
Thèse - 7 pages - Droit européen
Employment law is a contract between an employer and an employee; it is issues regarding employment, workplace discrimination and other private law issues. With the evolution of the International and the European law, Employment law has evolved in parallel and must deal with new...
Tax havens and companies
Étude de cas - 7 pages - Droit fiscal
This dissertation will deal about Tax Haven in the world. I choose this subject because we recently spoke about tax haven in news, but I think nobody doesn't really realise its impacts on others societies and who are the real culprit. Its fight becomes more important; governments...
The concept of electronic contracting under English common Law
Dissertation - 16 pages - Droit des affaires
The internet and technology has provided a global marketplace and are being increasingly used for communications between businesses and by business to consumers. As e-commerce continues to grow at an increasing rate, a large number of transactions are being completed on time, particularly as...
The United States and the International Criminal Court: How valid are the US arguments for not joining the International Court ?
Dissertation - 11 pages - Droit international
A new jurisdiction in the history of international accountability of human rights is being set up, but with a limited action which makes it different than a world court. In this document we will analyze the justifications for the lack of commitment by the United States of America towards...
International business law: the "Peach International Inc" case
Étude de cas - 10 pages - Droit international
The Peach International Company is a start-up specialized in the "high tech communications" domain. The firm deals with the ?higher level of technology' and specializes in the domain of "standard mobiles". The company provides phones that contain all the advantages of an actual mobile,...
Plessy vs. Ferguson
Étude de cas - 2 pages - Droit international
Following the American Civil Revolution, the federal government sought to grant protection of civil rights for those who have been neglected by it before: African Americans who have just been freed from slavery. This period was called the Reformation (between 1865 and 1877 when they tried to...
International law: history and definition
Dissertation - 5 pages - Droit international
“Truth is that international law is neither a myth on the one hand, nor a panacea on the other, but just one institution among others which we can use for building of a better international order” (J. Brierly, The law of nations, Oxford 1995). Law is a system of rules that is kept and...
Ending contractual obligations: factors and discharge
Dissertation - 11 pages - Droit des obligations
The common law has always taken the view that people enter into contract voluntarily. It follows that if the contract was made without full knowledge of the facts, or if a person was forced to make a contract against his or her will, a court would consider that contract to be banned. The vast...
General principles of the Canadian constitutional law
Dissertation - 4 pages - Droit constitutionnel
As a former member of the British Empire, Canada has been widely influenced by certain aspects of the English law. The Canadian parliamentary system finds its origins in the British institutions that were settled after the conquest of 1760 and more particularly with the 1791 constitutional Act of...
Under what circumstances do you think states should intervene in humanitarian crises?
Dissertation - 6 pages - Droit international
Humanitarian intervention deals with two academic fields: political philosophy and international law. The question of intervention depends on the morality and on the legality of the intervention. Is humanitarian intervention a moral duty for different states? Is humanitarian intervention a...
Dans quelle mesure peut-on affirmer que la Cour suprême des États-Unis est gardienne de la Constitution ?
Dissertation - 4 pages - Droit constitutionnel
De nos jours, l'impeachment est surtout connu comme la procédure du système judiciaire des États-Unis qui vise à destituer le président, le vice-président, un membre du cabinet ou un haut fonctionnaire, afin de pouvoir engager des poursuites pénales à son encontre. "Le président, le...
Free movement of goods and person within the Europe
Dissertation - 12 pages - Droit européen
Since the Treaty of Rome was signed in 1957, the euro area is the geographical and economic EUROPE. Since 1957, new treaties such as Schengen and Maastricht were signed. Europe and its laws allow us to develop economic relations between the member states. Thus barriers fall, the duties are...
The consecration of the patient's autonomy
Dissertation - 16 pages - Droit autres branches
Pain, suffering and death are to some extent, inevitable in human life, though Health care must always seek to eliminate unnecessary suffering and untimely death. But it is easy to recognise that prolonging the process of dying us often undesirable. The difficulty encountered by medical teams is...
La section 404 de la loi Sarbanes Oxley
Dissertation - 16 pages - Droit des affaires
L'enjeu de la loi Sarbanes Oxley est celui de la gouvernance d'entreprise, impliquant à la fois un dispositif institutionnel et sa mise en œuvre par les comportements d'acteur axés sur les performances boursières immédiates. En effet, les scandales Enron et Worldcom pour les Etats-Unis ou...
West Virginia vs. Barnette : the flag salute case
Commentaire d'arrêt - 2 pages - Libertés publiques
Refusal to salute the Flag shall be regarded as an act of insubordination' are the terms in which the Virginia statute let us see a beginning of answer to the questioning about the reasons why the State require a flag salute. Indeed, we understand that the real deal is between the...
Quel rapport le pouvoir judiciaire entretient-il constitutionnellement avec les autres pouvoirs ?
Dissertation - 9 pages - Droit constitutionnel
L'expression « gouvernement des juges » renvoie à l'idée que l'autorité judiciaire serait dans la capacité d'écarter des décisions émanant de représentants du peuple, le tout guidé par un choix arbitraire des juges, c'est-à-dire en se rapportant à la vision personnelle et...
The evolution of human rights enforcement
Dissertation - 8 pages - Droit international
The end of the second world conflict has set the beginning of the institutionalization of Human Rights at a world scale: the previous events have indeed made most of the country think about a way to reach a world consensus about basic rights that each single human being could expect to be given...
The protection of consumers on Internet
Dissertation - 15 pages - Droit autres branches
The recent boom of the internet in Europe and the emergence of a new kind of commerce (e-commerce) led to a widening of the commercial offers that can be proposed to the consumers. Simultaneous with such an expansion in internet offering come the demand for online security regarding the...
The European Institutions
Dissertation - 6 pages - Droit européen
The debates and referendums on the project of European Constitution will contribute greatly to give birth to a real European public opinion. The new generation of EU institutions will therefore have to serve not only the historic actors of the European construction - administrations and...
Contracts and tort law - Causation and loss of chance
Dissertation - 10 pages - Droit des obligations
When it comes to tort or contract litigation in the aim of obtaining damages, the most important aspect to take into account is the issue of causation. Indeed, without proving a causal link between the defendant's action and the claimant's harm, no liability can be held. This rigor is a means of...
International human rights law - publié le 18/12/2005
Dissertation - 5 pages - Droit international
Today, various international instruments allow for the protection and respect of human rights. Thus, the International Bill of Rights is the basis composed by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948 and the two subsequent International Covenants of 1966. The United Nations, which is...
Les grands arrêts de la Cour Suprême américaine
Dissertation - 15 pages - Droit constitutionnel
« Le pouvoir judiciaire des États-Unis sera dévolu à une Cour Suprême et à telles cours inférieures que le Congrès pourra, le cas échéant, ordonner et établir ». C'est en ces termes que les 55 délégués présents à la Convention de Philadelphie en 1787 s'accordèrent pour définir le pouvoir...
The european integration process and the institutionalisation of integration
Dissertation - 7 pages - Droit européen
This first lecture deals with the different approaches that can be followed in order to study the European integration. We focus our attention on three different way of studying: 'disciplinary' approach, 'theoretical' approach and finally 'political' approach. The...
La Cour suprême des États-Unis : une juridiction inconditionnée ?
Dissertation - 5 pages - Droit international
Dès 1835, Tocqueville affirmait dans son ouvrage De la démocratie en Amérique, que ce "qu'un étranger comprend avec le plus de peine aux États-Unis, c'est l'organisation judiciaire. Il n'y a pour ainsi dire pas d'événement politique dans lequel il n'entende invoquer...
?The Council of Ministers: key decision-maker and guardian of national interests' discuss
Dissertation - 8 pages - Droit européen
Before starting discussion of the role of the Council, one should point out the paradox on which the Council is built. The Council aims to be both a key decision-maker and a guardian of national interests. In that view, being a guardian of national interest might affect the credibility of the...
Libertés fondamentales : déclaration des droits, proclamation et protection
Dissertation - 79 pages - Droit autres branches
L'intitulé "libertés publiques" date de quelques décennies puisqu'il a été imposé par les instances ministérielles pour indiquer les relations qui pouvaient exister entre l'Etat et les citoyens. Quand on parlait de libertés publiques, on voulait dire : comment l'Etat peut-il faire...
Commentaire d'un extrait de Haro sur le Conseil Constitutionel de G. Courtois
Commentaire de texte - 18 pages - Droit constitutionnel
La “Cour suprême” de type américain est une cour placée au sommet d'un édifice juridictionnel unique et exrçant une autorité définitive sur l'ensemble de cet édifice avec les compétences à la fois d'une Cour de cassation, d'un Conseil d'Etat et d'un juge constitutionnel . A la...
Le droit américain
Cours - 21 pages - Droit international
Document de 21 pages se proposant de présenter le droit américain. Il retrace ainsi l'histoire du droit privé aux Etats-Unis, présente les juridictions, les avocats, ainsi que les sources et les techniques de droit aux Etats-Unis. Document détaillé et rédigé de 9000 mots.
Le contrôle de constitutionnalité aux Etats-Unis (2007)
Dissertation - 5 pages - Droit constitutionnel
On peut définir le contrôle de constitutionnalité aux Etats-Unis comme le système dans lequel tout juge peut statuer sur toute inconstitutionnalité qui lui est présentée. C'est le pouvoir de judicial review. Ce n'est pas un pouvoir de révision ni d'annulation car le juge ne révise ni n'annule...
