Introduction to the Challenges of European and French Law in Legal Informatics
Dissertation - 15 pages - Droit européen
The " new technologies " which appeared thirty years ago and are characterized by a considerable development are subject to fundamental legal questions. The definition of new technologies remains vague and includes the information and communication technologies. The information and communication...
Comparative study - sociological and legal perspective over the national and the EU policies in France, Sweden and Spain
Étude de cas - 13 pages - Droit européen
Professional immigration in France is organised in such a manner to complete the needs of companies and to be adapted to France's accommodation and working capacities, while taking into consideration economic situation in the country. France does not formally distinguish...
International Business Law in Ecuador
Thèse - 10 pages - Droit international
In this document, we shall present an overview of Ecuador and its laws along with recommendations on entering the Ecuadorian market. As an exporter of main products, Ecuador is an interesting target for foreign investors and that could permit the development of the country. For several...
Assessing the impact of parental marital status in relation to Irish child law: should Constitution be amended?
Étude de cas - 10 pages - Droit des affaires
“It cannot be contested that a person born outside marriage, is a human person, equal to one born within marriage” . In this statement, Justice Walsh points out the differential treatment between marital and non-marital children which is derived from the Irish Constitution. By...
Critical assessment of the contribution of Rome II to the subject of choice of law in tort
Étude de cas - 12 pages - Droit des affaires
The Rome II Regulation on the law applicable to non-contractual obligations(hereafter referred to as “Rome II”) was adopted by the European Parliament and the Council on July 11th 2007. It was the result of a long process that started in 1967 with the preparation of the Rome...
L'obligation in solidum est-elle une obligation solidaire ?
Cours - 10 pages - Droit civil
Lorsque dans un rapport d'obligations, il y a plusieurs créanciers ou plusieurs débiteurs, le principe en Droit français est celui de la divisibilité de l'obligation, on dit que les obligations sont conjointes. Il faudra alors considérer les obligations comme si elles se divisaient entre...
Obligations solidaire et obligation in solidum
Dissertation - 5 pages - Droit des obligations
Une obligation est dite solidaire lorsqu'il existe un lien entre tous les débiteurs ou tous les créanciers en vertu duquel les actes accomplis par l'un au sein du rapport d'obligation sont opposables aux autres. Selon que l'on est en présence d'une obligation active ou passive, ce sont les...
Has the Contracts (Rights of Third Parties) Act 1999 gone far enough in reforming the English law of privacy?
Dissertation - 5 pages - Droit des affaires
Under the doctrine of privacy, which became entrenched in English law in the latter half of the 19th century , contractual rights and liabilities are limited to the parties to the contract. The mounting criticisms and arguments for reform have led to the Contracts (Rights of Third...
La saisine in rem du Juge d'instruction : Commentaire cass. crim. 11 avril 2002
Commentaire d'arrêt - 3 pages - Procédure pénale
Le juge d'instruction doit s'en tenir à sa mission et par conséquent il ne peut en aucun cas sortir des limites de sa saisine. Ainsi par un arrêt en date du 11 avril 2002, il semblerait que la chambre criminelle de la Cour de Cassation vienne jeter le trouble concernant la délimitation de...
Solidarité et obligation in solidum
Dissertation - 5 pages - Droit des affaires
Une obligation a souvent plusieurs objets ; elle a encore plus fréquemment plusieurs sujets. Cette pluralité de sujets joue aussi bien en ce qui concerne les créanciers que les débiteurs (Code Civil art. 1101), même si cette dernière hypothèse est la plus fréquente. La pluralité de sujets peut...
The use of information in France
Dissertation - 3 pages - Droit autres branches
In France, the Commission nationale de l'informatique et des libertés or CNIL is an independent administrative authority whose mission is to ensure that data privacy law is applied to the collection, storage, and use of personal data. We are going to present some laws over the right...
Evaluate the developing case law of the Court of Justice with respect to its application of the principle of State liability to situations in which a Member state has failed to fulfil its obligations concerning the transposition of a Directive into nation
Dissertation - 6 pages - Droit européen
In the first part, I shall debate that the immediate consequence of the directives and article 228 were the first steps taken by the court with respect to the application of a state liability. In the second part, I shall explain the context and consequences of the application of the...
Le contrat in house en droit interne (Commentaire d'arrêt : CE Section 6 avril 2007, Commune d'Aix en Provence)
Commentaire d'arrêt - 10 pages - Droit administratif
Dans la volonté d'extraire « du maquis du droit de la gestion des services publics » un très ordonné « jardin à la française » s'inscrit l'œuvre didactique de la Section du contentieux du Conseil d'Etat. Tout en traçant une grille de lecture pédagogique des relations entre personnes...
Les dérogations à l'effet relatif des contrats
Dissertation - 9 pages - Droit des obligations
Certaines dérogations ne sont qu'apparentes et sont davantage des atténuations au principe de l'effet relatif des contrats que des exceptions (I). D'autres, à l'inverse, constituent des dérogations réelles au principe de l'effet relatif des conventions et à ce...
Is the American Constitution the best in the world?
Dissertation - 3 pages - Droit constitutionnel
"We, the people of the United States,?do ordain and establish this Constitution of the United States of America?. By these words starts the American Constitution. This document was adopted on September 17, 1787, by the Constitutional Convention, led by Thomas Jefferson and George Washington, and...
In the context of Arizona's tough laws on immigration, is it possible to strike a balance between the economic interests of employers and the rights of migrants?
Dissertation - 2 pages - Droit du travail
Immigration is one of the most controversial topics. Indeed, the United States and particularly the State of Arizona witnessed an explosive population growth owing to which immigration became the subject of a rancorous debate and to illustrate this fact, we can mention that 16.8 percent of the...
The French Senate, an inconvenient institution in the modern society
Dissertation - 3 pages - Droit constitutionnel
The French institutional system, just as the English one, is based on a dual Parliament. Indeed, whereas the Assemblée nationale is considered the lower chamber, the Sénat, or equivalent of the House of Lords, is the upper and more conservative one. It is thus, not surprising that since the dawn...
Cour de cassation, Chambre criminelle, 1 avril 2020, n° 18-85.958 - Le principe « ne bis in idem » ainsi que les réserves formulées par le Conseil constitutionnel interdisent-ils le prononcé de sanctions fiscales pour défaut et insuffisance de déclaration parallèlement à une répression pénale pour fraude fiscale infligée par le juge répressif ?
Commentaire d'arrêt - 6 pages - Droit fiscal
En l'espèce, l'administration fiscale avait déposé une plainte à l'encontre d'un avocat gérant d'une société d'exercice libéral pour omission de déclaration dans les délais légaux de ses revenus, ainsi que, de la taxe sur la valeur ajoutée. Par conséquent, ce dernier avait...
Maxims in equity
Dissertation - 3 pages - Droit civil
The first part in Lord Brown-Wilkinson's citation "Although Equity will not aid a volunteer" is one of the most important maxims in equity. The general definition of a maxim is "a general truth or rule of conduct expressed in a sentence". In the context of equity,...
Torture in America: Abu Ghraib and Guantanamo scandals (2008)
Dissertation - 3 pages - Libertés publiques
Nowadays, torture is universally condemned by states, but it is also carried out by them. In most cases, the act of inflicting severe pain - as punishment or revenge, as a means of getting a confession or information, or for sheer cruelty- takes place in secret. However, that...
Treasure trove in English Common law
Dissertation - 3 pages - Droit civil
In English Law, there is an uneasy distinction between a category of fixtures and chattels. According to Kevin Gray & Susan Francis Gray, the difference between fixtures and chattels is that fixtures are "physical objects which are regarded as acceding to the realty" in opposition...
Democracy in the US Constitution: Representation and the Balance of Powers
Dissertation - 2 pages - Droit constitutionnel
Although the US Constitution intended to ensure the principles of equal representation and freedom of political expression, the imperfect process by which the document was created resulted in various undemocratic principles that are contrary to the spirit of the given prompt. The...
Violence, memory and amnesia : political conflicts in XXth century Chile
Dissertation - 2 pages - Droit civil
It was Bonfire Night (5th November 2008), Damien and Nicolas were out playing in the field next to the university. As it was Bonfire Night, they decided to go buy some fireworks. When returning back to the field they saw a cat and thought it would be funny to scare it with a firework....
Struggles for Recognition in the Democratic Constitutional State, Jurgen Habermas
Commentaire de texte - 3 pages - Libertés publiques
Jurgen Habermas, a German philosopher and sociologist born in 1929, has propounded theory inscribed in the tradition of the significant theory and American pragmatism. He has written several pieces about communication, social identity, Europe and multiculturalism in the...
Dérogations et exceptions en droit du marché intérieur et en droit de la concurrence
Dissertation - 5 pages - Droit européen
Début 2019, la Commission européenne annonce son opposition ferme au projet de fusion entre Siemens et Alstom. Ces dernières ont pâti d'une interprétation stricte du droit concurrentiel, de la pertinence des marchés, du capital économique par la Commission européenne. Pour les deux...
The judiciary in the US political system
Dissertation - 3 pages - Droit constitutionnel
The Constitution provides that federal judges, including judges of the Supreme Court of the United States, are appointed by the President "by and with the advice and consent of the Senate." In 1803, the power of Judicial Review in the U.S. Supreme Court was established with the case...
Trade Unions in the United-States
Dissertation - 2 pages - Droit du travail
The twentieth century witnessed major evolutions in the American workplace, from mass production, to automation, and all the way to the digital economy we know now. Workers' lives have evolved similarly, mostly gaining from the benefits during the century. American workers mostly have...
Commentaire d'arrêt, chambre commerciale, 8 janvier 1991: les conditions strictes de l'obligation in solidum
Commentaire d'arrêt - 5 pages - Droit des obligations
Dans cet arrêt, rendu par la chambre commerciale en date du 8 janvier 1991, la Cour de Cassation, après avoir rappelé les conditions strictes de l'obligation in solidum, affirme que la seule obligation indivisible ne saurait, par elle-même, conduire à une qualification d'obligation...
Labour unions in the United States
Fiche - 2 pages - Droit du travail
Trade unions in the United States were first organized in the early nineteenth century. The main purpose of a trade union is to collectively bargain with employers for wages, hours, and working conditions. We can define labour union like an association, combination, or organization...
Commentaire d'arrêt de l'Assemblée plénière de la Cour de cassation du 22 novembre 2002 : le principe de rétroactivité in mitius
Commentaire d'arrêt - 5 pages - Droit pénal
La nécessité d'un élément légal pour l'existence d'une infraction entraine comme conséquence, l'impossibilité d'appliquer une loi pénale nouvelle à des faits antérieurs à sa promulgation ou à sa date d'entrée en vigueur. C'est la question de l'application de la loi pénale dans le temps. À ce...
