Cour de cassation, chambre commerciale, 8 janvier 1991 - indivisibilité et responsabilité in solidum
Commentaire d'arrêt - 5 pages - Droit des affaires
L'indivisibilité est une notion plutôt complexe qui, liée à la nature même de l'objet de l'obligation, a des répercutions sur l'exécution contractuelle, en quoi cet arrêt constitue une excellente illustration de cette conception juridique. En l'espèce, la société civile professionnelle...
La rétroactivité in Mitius
Dissertation - 4 pages - Droit pénal
L'article 112-1 du code pénal dispose : « sont seuls punissables les faits constitutifs d'une infraction à la date à laquelle ils ont été commis. Peuvent seules être prononcées les peines légalement applicables à la même date. Toutefois, les dispositions nouvelles s'appliquent aux...
Le tiers qui a causé par faute la mort d'un enfant in utero peut-il être condamné d'homicide involontaire ? Arrêt de la chambre criminelle de la Cour de cassation du 4 mai 2004
Dissertation - 6 pages - Droit civil
Le 17 février 2003, Isabelle Z., dont la grossesse était naturellement venue à terme, a été placée sous surveillance dans un hôpital. A partir de 22 heures 30, des anomalies du rythme cardiaque fœtal sont détectés. A 23 heures 40, elles s'aggravent. La sage-femme appelle le gynécologue plus...
Commentaire d'arrêt de la CJCE du 19 avril 2007 relatif à l'utilisation des contrats "in house"
Commentaire d'arrêt - 5 pages - Droit européen
Commentaire d'arrêt de la CJCE du 19 avril 2007 concernant application de la condition du contrôle analogue et de l'exclusivité des activités exercées. Il permet également de dégager la notion de « moyen instrumental » comme justificatif à l'utilisation des contrats « in house ».
Criminal law in European Democracy
Dissertation - 17 pages - Droit pénal
Criminal law refers to the need of justice in a society. The European region is called as a continent in geographical terms. However on a broader sense Europe is the Western fifth of the Eurasian landmass of the European Union. Criminal policy in democratic states should...
Violations of human rights in Zimbabwe
Dissertation - 7 pages - Droit international
Since 1998, the human rights situation has been deteriorating in Zimbabwe. President R. Mugabe intensified verbal attacks on the opposition, the judiciary and the press, as well as Zimbabwe's white minority, which amounted to the land crisis and practical violations of human rights....
Women's difference in Law : essay on gender discrimination and Legal Equality
Dissertation - 5 pages - Droit autres branches
In this document I will try to define the so-called differences between men and women, and see how they have been used to justify the discrimination against women. Secondly, I will analyze cases where gender differences are denied or not considered as strong enough to legitimate...
Critically evaluate the impact upon EC jurisprudence and legislation of the judgement of the European Court of Justice in REWE Zentral AG Bundesmonopolverwaltung fur Branntwein "Cassis de Dijon"
Dissertation - 7 pages - Droit européen
Article 28 (ex-30) of the EC Treaty is one of the major principles governing the achievement in establishing the common market. It lays out a strong principle that imposes quantitative restrictions on imports and that all measures having equivalent effect will be prohibited between member...
The distribution of power an its future evolution in the European decision making institutions
Dissertation - 12 pages - Droit européen
How is the power shared in the main European decision making institutions and how will it change with the near enlargement and the ratification of new institutional treaties? This paper analyzes the distribution of power in the European Commission, the Council of Ministers and the...
Die Kreise in Deutschland
Dissertation - 5 pages - Droit constitutionnel
Le canton en Allemagne: entité juridique entre le "land" et la commune. Document en Allemand. Die kommunale Selbstverwaltung hat in Deutschland eine jahrhundertealte Tradition, wobei ihr Stellenwert im Verhältnis zu anderen Ebenen der staatlichen Gewalt sich immer wieder verändert hat....
The role (present and future) of the European Court of Justice in the protection of asylum-seekers in the European Union
Dissertation - 13 pages - Droit international
The European Court of Justice has laid down a legal Act pertaining to the judicial protection towards asylum seekers. However, this act is not completely flawless. Even if all the Member States ratify the new constitution and it be made effective thereafter, the future of the asylum seekers along...
Implementation of European Law in a federal state: The Belgian case between coherence and autonomy
Fiche - 9 pages - Droit européen
‘Ultimately the impact of EU rules depends on the willingness and capacity of Member States authorities to ensure that they are transposed and enforced effectively and fully and on time' (Graver) . This statement from the European Commission in its White Paper on Governance deals...
Under what circumstances do you think states should intervene in humanitarian crises?
Dissertation - 6 pages - Droit international
Humanitarian intervention deals with two academic fields: political philosophy and international law. The question of intervention depends on the morality and on the legality of the intervention. Is humanitarian intervention a moral duty for different states? Is humanitarian intervention a right...
Common land ownership in Scotland
Dissertation - 9 pages - Droit autres branches
This essay was largely inspired by the working papers of Andy Wightman, Robin Callander, Graham Boyd and James Perman. James Perman is a Chartered Accountant from Largs. Andy Wightman, Robin Callander and Graham Boyd are independent authors and researchers who work together on occasion through...
The legislative power of the Council is being increasingly eroded in the recent years. Discuss.
Dissertation - 7 pages - Droit constitutionnel
Assessing the power of the institutions of the European Union is not an easy task. The European Union is such a particular and unique international organization that understanding it means involves studying the many different levels that composed it simultaneously. Thus, to tackle the question...
What are the challenges facing the EU in its attempts to establish democratic institutional structures ?
Dissertation - 7 pages - Droit européen
Democratic deficit of the European Union has been a long-standing debate. The statement by the European Commission summarizes this fact. "It is time to recognize that the European Union has moved from a diplomatic to a democratic process, with policies that reach deep into national societies and...
To what extent have developments in individual rights in Britain delivered family friendly working practices, and with what implications for all relevant stakeholders
Dissertation - 7 pages - Droit des affaires
Since New Labour came to power in May 1997 some developments in employments rights have aimed to promote the balancing between work and family life: “Families are the core of our society, but they are under pressure. Women and men struggle with choices over work and family...
"In sum, at night, young people seek excitement in cities, not safety": discuss the relationship between young people's leisure activities, crime and the fear of crime.
Dissertation - 8 pages - Droit pénal
Young people's behaviors are seen as a catalyst of change in society; a vector for social and moral evolution. Usually our societies, which are often driven by a sense of cautious conservatism, are prudish or even resistant towards the attitude of the youth. Contrary to common...
Unfair Terms in contract
Dissertation - 5 pages - Droit des affaires
Seller Ltd ("Seller?) is a manufacturer and seller of lifting equipment. Buyer Ltd, ("Buyer?), provides heavy goods vehicle servicing. On 1 July 2006 Buyer requested a copy of Seller's brochure and this was sent by post and received by Buyer on 3 July 2006. Tom, a representative of Buyer...
Explain and discuss the effectiveness of the EC Treaty provisions concerning state aids in preventing distortions to the operation of the single market
Dissertation - 12 pages - Droit européen
As recognised by the EC Treaty, state aids are important and necessary policy instruments to achieve social and economic goals. However, depending on the way in which they are given, State aids can have a material impact on competition, leading to significant distortions to the common...
Contracts in France, Germany and England
Fiche - 7 pages - Droit des affaires
The contract law assumes great significance because it touches all the activities of the society. The economic evolutions, the social evolutions and the political evolutions are as many factors, which enabled the evolution of the law. The great European legal models have their own system of...
Critically consider Thomas Franck's argument about an emerging right to democratic governance in international law with particular reference to the recent Palestinian elections returning a Hamas governing authority
Dissertation - 7 pages - Droit constitutionnel
“Democratic tradition involves a richly evolving collection of diverse beliefs, processes and structures that are neither easily characterized in concise terms nor summarized in a single systematic philosophy of governance” . The complexity of democratic governance could...
Authors' rights in the Anglo-Saxon world
Dissertation - 8 pages - Propriété intellectuelle
The authors' rights are a very important problem of the modern economic world. The rules that regulate the authors' rights have always been created in the reaction of some social facts; they always have been late on the sociological and technical transformations. The first...
Child labor in the clothing industry
Dissertation - 7 pages - Droit international
The world is becoming more and more interconnected and firms are facing evolving challenges. With the increased globalization, companies are competing not only within their national borders but also against multinational companies. This heightens the pressure stressed on all the businesses to...
International business law, allied tows, inc. in utopia
Dissertation - 15 pages - Droit des affaires
As a potential multinational firm, Allied Toys wants to implement a business development strategy in a predetermined country, in order to see if this model could be applicable as a 'worldwide development strategy'. The fact is that the Republic of Utopia is a country where...
The Supreme Court of the United States : a single institution in its kind
Dissertation - 6 pages - Droit autres branches
The Supreme Court of the United States (sometimes colloquially referred to by the acronym SCOTUS) is the highest judicial body in the United States and leads the judiciary. Established in 1789 by the Constitution of the United States, the Supreme Court is at the same time, the...
Essay on the separation of powers in Europe - A comparative study
Dissertation - 23 pages - Droit européen
“Each country must find a solution which is sensitive to its domestic culture” …this is the position of Lord Irvine of Lairg on the separation of powers. This can be regarded as a politically correct position on a very discussed topic in that it does not take part in...
A critical analysis of the provisions made in family law for homosexual couples in Scotland and France with particular reference to adult relationships
Dissertation - 7 pages - Droit pénal
The Homosexuality is not anymore a painful problem and in our days people speak easily about their homosexuality. The Homosexuality is severely condemned in sacred texts that approach questions link to procreation, the family model, filiations and for which, homosexuality is...
The evolution of European judicial cooperation in criminal matters since the Maastricht Treaty
Dissertation - 7 pages - Droit européen
This project intends to examine the objectives of judicial cooperation throughout the European Union (hereinafter EU) and the area of freedom, security and justice to ensure a high level of security by mutual recognition of judgment concerning criminal matters. Attention will be drawn to how...
Post-Conflict Justice in Rwanda
Dissertation - 5 pages - Droit international
Between April and July 1994, one of the largest atrocities of the 20th century occurred: the genocide of 800 000 Tutsis and moderate Hutus during the civil war in Rwanda. The country was inhabited by around 8 million people. This emphasizes the massive aspect of these slaughters. When the...
