The two equality directives of 2000: False-twins
Mémoire - 43 pages - Droit européen
2007, the “European Year of Equal Opportunities for All” in the European Union ended a few months ago, stressing on the question of the current anti-discrimination law in the Union. This initiative of the Commission took place in a general movement of the European Union toward a better...
International business law, allied tows, inc. in utopia
Dissertation - 15 pages - Droit des affaires
As a potential multinational firm, Allied Toys wants to implement a business development strategy in a predetermined country, in order to see if this model could be applicable as a 'worldwide development strategy'. The fact is that the Republic of Utopia is a country where setting up a...
Should we stick to the stability and growth Pact?
Dissertation - 5 pages - Droit européen
The Stability and Growth Pact is an essential element of the European Monetary Union and has been often criticized. One of the sharpest and most violent attacks came from the President of the European Commission, which is supposed to be the watchdog of the Treaties and laws, Romano Prodi who...
Border Regulation, Freedom of Movement and Citizenship in the Third Pillar of the EU: Conflicting legal agendas.
Dissertation - 9 pages - Droit européen
Within the United Kingdom (UK) there has been a long proud tradition of strong regulatory and independent oversight with respect to its national border security and integrity. The UK is a confederation of regional states some of which have semi-autonomous devolved legislatures, yet it maintains a...
The difficult application of canadian criminal law in Nunavut
Thèse - 57 pages - Droit international
With its creation in 1999, the new territory of Nunavut hoped to solve the social and economical problems it was facing. For the second time in the history of the Poles, indigenous people were given the right by the government to decide their future. The first Inuit to be recognized were the...
Migration Law - A Human Right to Migration in International Law and European Community Law
Dissertation - 11 pages - Libertés publiques
To answer the question of the existence of the human right to migrate, the notion of migration and human right themselves must first be studied. Migration can be defined as a movement of persons from one country or locality to another one. Only international migrations, from one country to...
Essay on the Rome Convention on the law applicable to contractual obligations
Dissertation - 14 pages - Droit européen
The Rome Convention on the Law applicable to contractual obligations “applies to contractual obligations in any situation involving a choice between the laws of different countries.” The scope of the Convention is therefore clear; its aim is to regulate contractual relations between...
Copyright of employed persons' creations
Fiche - 11 pages - Droit autres branches
In Australia, the copyright law gives the creator or the author of a piece of writing the first ownership of copyright. In fact, section 35(2) of the Copyright Act 1968 provides that: "Subject to this section, the author of a literary, dramatic, musical or artistic work is the owner of any...
Criminal law in European Democracy
Dissertation - 17 pages - Droit pénal
Criminal law refers to the need of justice in a society. The European region is called as a continent in geographical terms. However on a broader sense Europe is the Western fifth of the Eurasian landmass of the European Union. Criminal policy in democratic states should encompass the prevention,...
The TRIPS Agreement and the access to medication (L'accord ADPIC et l'acces aux medicaments) - The controversy over intellectual property rights for pharmaceuticals and access to medical treatment
Dissertation - 6 pages - Droit autres branches
The controversy over intellectual property rights for pharmaceuticals, and access to medical treatments in developing countries has been the subject of many public debates recently. The core challenge of this debate is to ensure access to pharmaceuticals in developing countries while at the same...
Freedom of expression, a right between inviolability and flexibility
Dissertation - 7 pages - Droit européen
The freedom of expression is one of the things that calls for conflicts. It is not permitted in the dictatorship in order to speak about everything. It is observed that very many subjects are forbidden. An example of a forbidden topic is the critical opinion on the power, on religion. The...
Critically discuss the contributions of the Third World Approaches to International Law (TWAIL) movement to international legal scholarship
Dissertation - 6 pages - Droit international
After the World War II and its atrocities, a new international institution, the United Nations (UN) was created in 1945 to focus on the new challenges faced by the international community. One of the major challenges was the wave of decolonization which started between the two World wars. It was...
Legal structures for business
Dissertation - 13 pages - Droit des affaires
The British courts have not strictly maintained the Salomon principle of separateness, or the idea of the incorporation. Critically discuss the cases where the apparent failure to maintain the Salomon principle has occured, the reasons why this has occured and the current legal position adopted...
Cours de droit anglais : le droit des contrats et le droit de la responsabilité
Cours - 44 pages - Droit autres branches
Cours consacré à la globalité du droit anglais.
The legal professions in the English legal system: barristers, solicitors and magistrates
Cours - 7 pages - Droit autres branches
First, we must know there is a separation in the legal profession of lawyer, there are: - barristers: (avocat, conseiller juridique) who work exclusively in the bar (à la barre du tribunal) to defend their clients. - and solicitors (notaire, avoué) who work on the administrative aspects of the...
Prison labor: an assessment of its role and appropriateness
Étude de cas - 18 pages - Droit civil
“Labor is not only salutary because it is the opposite of idleness; but it is also contemplated that the convict, while he is not at work, shall learn business which would support him when he leaves the prison. The prisoners therefore are taught useful trades only; and among these, care is...
The role (present and future) of the European Court of Justice in the protection of asylum-seekers in the European Union
Dissertation - 13 pages - Droit international
The European Court of Justice has laid down a legal Act pertaining to the judicial protection towards asylum seekers. However, this act is not completely flawless. Even if all the Member States ratify the new constitution and it be made effective thereafter, the future of the asylum seekers along...
Regulations: Direct applicability and Direct effect
Dissertation - 8 pages - Droit européen
Article 249 of the European Community Treaty provides that Regulations shall be directly applicable in all Member States. Does this mean that they are also necessarily directly effective? As notices Josephine Steiner , this question is of paramount concern to EC lawyers. If a provision of EEC law...
To what extent does the history of Community competition law mirror the history of the Community itself ?
Dissertation - 5 pages - Droit européen
To evaluate how community competition law reflects the integration process and the history of the Community in general, I shall demonstrate in a first part that community competition law was first strongly influenced by the development of the Union, then I shall explain why it is now facing heavy...
International human rights law - publié le 18/12/2005
Dissertation - 5 pages - Droit international
Today, various international instruments allow for the protection and respect of human rights. Thus, the International Bill of Rights is the basis composed by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948 and the two subsequent International Covenants of 1966. The United Nations, which is...
CASE No COMP/M.3099 : Areva / Urenco / ETC JV
Commentaire d'arrêt - 12 pages - Droit européen
The European Commission is vested with a responsibility of assessing compatibility between the markets and the various merging firms. In its decision of 6th October 2004, the Commission has assessed the compatibility with the common market of the concentration of two firms from the nuclear...
Le nouveau cadre institutionnel européen. Etude du Traité établissant une constitution pour l'Europe (2004)
Mémoire - 101 pages - Droit européen
Après plusieurs mois de négociation entre les Etats membres, le Traité établissant une Constitution pour l'Europe fut signé à Rome le 29 octobre 2004 par les représentants respectifs des 25 Etats de l'Union. Nul ne sait aujourd'hui si ce Traité entrera un jour en vigueur, les peuples...
Joint ventures: constitutional problems
Dissertation - 6 pages - Droit des affaires
The analysis in this document is sought to analyze and assess the problems of constitutional significance' in the field of ?joint ventures assessment' under EC competition law. Therefore, we shall hold a systematic chronological order of reasoning manifesting the complexities in...
Case studies of international disagreements
Dissertation - 9 pages - Droit international
You are the vice president of sales for The Pillow International Inc., a French manufacturer of bed pillows. The raw materials needed for making pillows are all sourced from suppliers overseas. Your firm purchases feathers from exporters in China who maintain large flocks of geese and ducks for...
Le droit constitutionnel et ses aspects
Cours - 80 pages - Droit constitutionnel
La déconcentration La déconcentration est un système d'organisation administrative dans lequel l'Etat délègue des compétences à des autorités le représentant dans le cadre de circonscriptions administratives. Comme le disait Odilon Barrot : « dans le cadre de la déconcentration c'est...
Arrêt de la CJCE Leon Van Parys NV C. Belgische Interventie en restitutiebureau du 1er mars 2005 C-377/02
Commentaire d'arrêt - 11 pages - Droit international
La Cour de justice des Communautés européennes a définitivement établi, dans un arrêt du 1er mars 2005 concernant l'importation de bananes, sa position relative à l'effet des règles de l'OMC et des décisions de l'ORD dans l'ordre juridique communautaire . La jurisprudence s'est...
English legal system: the Sources of English Law
Cours - 87 pages - Droit constitutionnel
The judicial decisions are the first to be found to develop a system. Today, they are still influencing the system as a whole. Judicial decisions have a weight that their continental counter part does not have. In England, under certain requirements, decisions are biding the judge with the...
Implementation of European Law in a federal state: The Belgian case between coherence and autonomy
Fiche - 9 pages - Droit européen
‘Ultimately the impact of EU rules depends on the willingness and capacity of Member States authorities to ensure that they are transposed and enforced effectively and fully and on time' (Graver) . This statement from the European Commission in its White Paper on Governance deals with the...
Reflexions sur l'inclusion sociale: La double contrainte des collectivités territoriales entre évaluation et prévention
Mémoire - 143 pages - Droit autres branches
“C'est une crise de sens, une crise de repères, une crise d'identité” Jamais sans doute de tels propos n'ont été autant justifiés que suite aux événements de violences urbaines sans précédent survenus lors de la première quinzaine du mois de novembre 2005, donnant ipso facto une...
International law and normative unity
Dissertation - 5 pages - Droit international
In the Supreme Court of Canada's 1993 judgment in Hunt v. T & N Plc, Justice La Forest laid down the following goal to international law : “develop (…) co-ordination in the face of [the] diversity” of the international system. In other words, international law has to reconcile the...
