Since the beginning of recorded history, efforts have been made to limit the behavior during war time. Moreover, there have been many attempts to codify the rules of the military conduct as well.
For example:
The Chinese warrior Sun Tzu in the 6th century BCE tried to put some limits in the way the war was conducted.
The notion of war crimes appeared for the first time in Manu's Hindi Code. It was about 200 BCE.
Sir William Wallace (a Scottish national hero) was sued for the murder of civilians during wartime in 1305
Even a book has been published in 1625 by Hugo Grotius that dealt with the humanitarian treatment of civilians: "On the Law of War and Peace"
The first case of someone being executed for prisoners' mistreatment is the Confederate officer Henry Wirz. It took place at the Andersonville war camp in 1865. Only one of the several people involved in similar offenses has been executed but it was the beginning of the regulations about prisoners' treatment during war time
It is impossible to make an up-dated list of war crimes around the world but since the last 150 years, a real step has been accomplished in restricting the behaviors on warring parties. And it is since the last century that an international body of law has been created to police the nations of the world.
[...] The Provisions present in the first 4 Conventions and the 1st protocol are enforced in the 2nd Protocol. So provisions such as the humane treatment entitled to prisoners of war, wounded, sick shipwrecked and religious people are present. -Art.4: stipulates that persons who do not take a direct part or who have ceased to take part in hostilities are entitled to respect. In all circumstances, they are to be treated humanely; Protocol II specifically prohibits violence to the life, health, and physical or mental being of people. [...]
[...] 4th Convention Officially called Convention relative to the Protection of Civilain persons in Time of war”. Its scope covers all the individuals that do not belong to any armed force, that are not invovled in the hostilities and that are in the hands of the ennemy or an occupying power. Those people are protected by the 159 articles of the 4th Covention. The Following table corresponds to the Must be and Must Not be of civilians in Time of war. [...]
[...] As far as hosptial ships are concerned, out of neutrality, they must support both parties (or more) involved in the conflict, equally. To be done, they should provide the different parties with the ship's name and its' description. Their use is strictly the medical assistance so an armed force can not use it for a military purpose. -Art.22 : “Hospital ships cannot be used for any military purpose. They cannot be attacked or captures, the names and descriptions of hospital ships must be conveyed to all parties in the conflict.” 4. [...]
[...] Annexes The Red Lion and Sun emblem is no more used by any relief organization. It was mainly The Iran's emblem Henri Dunant Clara Harlowe Barton (May 8th 1828 - October 30th 1910) (1821 1912) A medical assistant receiving Battle of Solferino 24 June 1859 relief packages US troop helping a wounded german soldier during the Battle in normandy Link for the list of countries that ratified the Geneva Coventions (table of 7 pages): http://www.icrc.org/ihl.nsf/WebSign?ReadForm&id=375&ps=P Genenva Coventions Full Text's links: http://www.icrc.org/ihl.nsf/CONVPRES?OpenView V. [...]
[...] It took place at the Andersonville war camp in 1865. Only one of the several people involved in similar offenses has been executed but it was the beginning of the regulations about prisoners' treatment during war time It is impossible to make an up-dated list of war crimes around the world but since the last 150 years, a real step has been accomplished in restricting the behaviors on warring parties. And it is since the last century that an international body of law has been created to police the nations of the world. [...]
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