Within the United Kingdom (UK) there has been a long proud tradition of strong regulatory and independent oversight with respect to its national border security and integrity. The UK is a confederation of regional states some of which have semi-autonomous devolved legislatures, yet it maintains a homogenous approach in respect of borders, citizenship and free movement. It has been a hallmark of UK membership of the European Union (EU) to 'opt-out and see', with respect to a range of EU projects and policies. The 'pick and choose' mentality of the UK seeks to retain sovereignty, appealing the euro sceptic political right while remaining central to EU law making.
[...] It is implemented in the UK by the Human Rights Act 1998. The Council of Europe (COE) manages the ECHR. The ECHR has its own court sitting in Strasburg, France. European Convention on Human Rights, Art8 Khan v UK [2001] 31 EHRR 1016 Regulatory Investigative Powers Act 1996, (RIPA) Charter Of Fundamental Rights Of The European Union (2007/C 303/01) Official Journal of the European Union C 303/1 Julia Bateman, “Brussels Watch: Cracking down on cross-border criminals”, Law Society Gazette, (2005) Apr Professor Julliet Lodge, “Justice and Home Affairs; an introduction”, http://eurotext.ulster.ac.uk/policy/jha/jha/ Lord Laird is a Northern Ireland Hereditary Peer who sits in the UK second parliamentary chamber, which is referred to as the House of Lords. [...]
[...] Hoekstra (nee Unger) v BBDA, (Case 75/63), [1964], ECR 177. Levin v Staatsecretaris, (Case 53/81), [1982], ECR 1035. Cathryn Costello, ‘Metock: Free movement and “normal family life” in the union', C.M.L. Rev 587-622. Parental responsibility - Community law, http://ec.europa.eu/civiljustice/parental_resp/parental_resp_ec_en.htm, Accessed on 12th March 2010. Penelope Kent, Law of European Union (Person Longman, 2008,) 215. [...]
[...] Northern Ireland[6], uniquely amongst the member regions of the UK, maintains a land border with its EU member neighbour, the Republic of Ireland. Arising out of many years of political violence and instability in Northern Ireland, the border region retained a substantial political sensitivity and significance as well as a major national security concern. Free movement was effectively curtailed between these two EU member states, with a long running major military and police security operation used to maintain the integrity of the border. [...]
[...] There are two traditions in Northern Ireland who respectively look to the UK and Ireland as regards to their national identity. Good Friday Agreement 1998, this was an International Treaty Agreement between, the governments of the UK, Republic of Ireland and the political parties in Northern Ireland to settle a number of constitutional issues, it subsequently brought peace to Northern Ireland and legally facilitated a devolved executive in Northern Ireland, the agreement can be found at, www.nio.gov.uk/agreement.pdf. Police Service of Northern Ireland (PSNI), the UK police service operating in Northern Ireland, formally known as the Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC). [...]
[...] Benelux Belgium, Netherlands and Luxemburg. Ibid. European Confederation of Police , ‘Facts: Schengen SIS and SIS II', Anon accessed 22 February 2010. A region of the United Kingdom with its own devolved administration, it is located in the north west of the island of Ireland. It was administratively and politically severed from the rest of Ireland, by the Government of Ireland Act 1922 when the rest of the island opted for Home Rule from the UK. It is a sovereign part of the UK. [...]
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