Conflict of laws, Exequature

Extraits

[...] Price amounts : 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qWh1PUQyg8NiQFZ8HwPwWKo0fp2oeXvs9IHni6OPYPywsH5D2JrsxRVMXKOrkaPkVQexvPpmPV/2jc2TnGD8Fr1NdSUkZkqqqCFreJfIBj5r4/ImyF2ZIqmUYxsy1Ujx8ys9JpDTtJK2aCzUQlbwkdEHO+JSx2P/KQeOchmpqGpBFoZUXR2/HqUZc3+s4b81sQ2+/3M/wCLnitNLx7GmPazHq8jZb0APVWlrGtbssAaBwAG4Kfp4K/RtVFby1n9I3a2c60WS32hkgoadrHyb5ZXe0+U+LnHe49V0eCItOMVHsiMIiJwBERABERABERABERABERABERABERIARESgSoREAEREAEREAEREAEREAf/2Q== http://t3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcRCIBEojvWqrqoXRoApkVY1MqrIH1v_ZD9peVVAt-up6vyVEyD1 imagesCAIZOYGK.jpg Buyers complain about numerous defects, discover, the past events and consider that the defects are due to defective repairs thumbnail[5].jpg The Suprem Court of California Claimants thumbnail[5].jpg The Superior Court of California thumbnail[5].jpg 26/02/03 : Condemns the french society Fountaine Pajot to paye 45$ $ : for ship repair $ : for legal costs $ : for punitive damages Claimants sued the french society in France to obtain the exequatur thumbnail[7].jpg Introduction drapeaux_940x705.jpg What is the position of the Cour de Cassation on exequatur and its control of conformity with the international public policy ? I. Exequatur and its procedure Article 2412 of the civil code Difference between “exequatur” and “enforcement” even if it's the same etymology. Exequatur : suspensive effect CJCE, Deutsche Genossenschaft vs Soc. [...]

[...] Two principles were mentioned to support the Cassation's decision : - principle of proportionality of tort and penalty (article 8 of DDHC) - principle of integral distribution The case II. The resolution of judgement A – The qualification of disproportionate damages, a strict interpretation ? Criterion of disproportionate damages = excessive compare to the fault « manifestly disproportionate damages » : speciality of France, strict interpretation Accord to the judge the damages will be qualify as « manifestly disproportionate damages » or not. [...]

[...] The resolution of judgement C – Going further This case (Cassation Court, 1st civ., 1st December 2010) isn't an strict interpretation but a softening of the French position The French judge have to appreciate in concreto the behaviour of the defendant Delicate exercise of the enforcement judge because of conciliation between the limited control of a foreign decision and the proportionality control of punitive damages But we have to temperate this with the Avant-projet CATALA (22/09/2005) II. The resolution of judgement C – Going further Avant-projet CATALA (22/09/2005) : Avant projet de réforme du droit des obligations et du droit de la prescription Article 1371 of the avant-projet : “One whose fault is manifestly premeditated, particularly a fault whose purpose is monetary gain, may be ordered to pay punitive damages besides compensatory damages. The judge may direct a part of such damages to the public treasury. [...]

[...] Lex fori : applicable law of the place where a court has been referred. Relative effect : give more easily the exequatur at the foreign adjudication Exception : if there is a close link with France, the exequatur isn't given easily. See articles 27-1 and 34 §1 Brussels I Regulation I. Exequatur and its procedure B - Procedure The competence of judge Judge General jurisdiction Special jurisdiction Article 2 of Brussels I Regulation : Place of defendant's domicile Competent for actions in France but also in France for some foreign cases : Munzer, 1ère Civ., CC, 7th January 1964 « indirect international competence » from Etienne Bartin. [...]

[...] Exequatur and its procedure By Brussels I Regulation C – Force of res judicata Mutual trust into the justice of partners between all EU Member State Article 31 of Brussels I Regulation : « in the other Member States without any special procedure being required. A judgment given in a Member State shall be recognised » presumption of regularity :The adjudication of a member state has the force of res judicata without exequatur. I. Exequatur and its procedure The control procedure of the exequatur The force of res judicata can be a ground of denial for exequatur of native adjudication to States that are not members of the EU. Munzer, 1ère civ. [...]